SwadhyAI Notes

System Design Notes

Explore System Design notes in Swadhyai's Computer Science collection, organized for structured learning and practical revision.

Lessons

• Building blocks (start here)
• What is System Design?
• Why Learn System Design?
• How to Approach System Design
• Trade-offs in System Design
• Interview Framework & Rubric
• Distributed Systems Fundamentals
• System Design for Large-Scale Applications
• Computer Systems Overview
• Operating System Basics
• Memory Management Concepts
• Concurrency and Parallelism Basics
• Threading and Multithreading Models
• Client-Server Model
• Networking Fundamentals
• Network Protocols (layers & TCP/UDP)
• TCP Congestion Control Mechanisms
• HTTP/1.1 vs HTTP/2 vs HTTP/3
• REST API Design
• API Design Principles
• Proxies
• GraphQL
• gRPC
• Realtime Updates (choose a protocol)
• WebSockets
• WebRTC
• Long Polling & SSE
• Scalability Principles
• Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling
• Regionalisation & Edge
• Load Balancing
• Caching
• Redis
• Content Delivery Networks
• Auto-Scaling
• Latency vs Throughput
• Latency Optimization Techniques
• Throughput Optimization Strategies
• SQL vs NoSQL
• Database Indexing
• Index Optimization Methods
• Database Query Optimization
• Storage Engines: WAL, B+ Trees & LSM Trees
• Key-Value Store Internals
• Database Replication
• Database Sharding
• CAP Theorem
• ACID Properties
• Types of Databases
• Columnar Database Concepts
• Document Store Internals
• Graph Database Concepts
• Transactions & Isolation Levels
• Concurrency Control Algorithms
• Blob / Object Storage
• Data Partitioning
• Data Lakes & Warehouses
• File vs Block vs Object Storage
• Data Representation and Storage Concepts
• Distributed File Systems
• Filesystem Internals for System Design
• Message Queues
• Publish-Subscribe
• Event-Driven Architecture
• Stream Processing
• Async vs Sync Communication
• Asynchronous Programming Concepts
• Distributed Job Scheduler
• Batch Processing Algorithms
• Microservices vs Monolith
• Service-Oriented Architecture
• Domain-Driven Design Concepts
• Rate Limiting
• Logging & Monitoring
• Leader Election
• Strangler Fig Pattern
• Sidecar Pattern
• Database per Service
• Availability Concepts
• High Availability
• Timeouts, Retries & Circuit Breakers
• Retries, Deadlines & Jitter
• Redundancy
• Disaster Recovery
• Chaos Engineering
• Stress and Chaos Testing Methods
• Fault Detection and Recovery Techniques
• Graceful Degradation
• Authentication & Authorization
• Encryption (TLS/SSL)
• OAuth & JWT
• DDoS Protection
• API Security Best Practices
• Zero Trust Architecture
• Access Control Models
• Application Security Hardening
• Audit Logging for Security
• Network Security Controls
• Security Models in Distributed Systems
• Threat Modeling for System Design
• Case Study Playbook
• Realistic System Design Case Studies
• Design URL Shortener
• Design Social Microblog Feed
• Design Chat System
• Design Video Streaming
• Design File Storage
• Design Notification System
• Design Photo/Video Social Feed
• Design Ride Matching
• Design Web Search
• Design E-Commerce Marketplace
• Design Flash Sale (HLD)
• Design Distributed Rate Limiter
• Design Web Crawler
• Design Typeahead/Autocomplete
• Design Text Snippet Sharing
• Design Maps & Navigation
• Design Ticket Booking
• Design Payment System
• Design News Feed
• Design Distributed Cache
• Design Key-Value Store
• Design Food Delivery
• Design IoT Backend
• Design Recommendation System
• Design High-Frequency Trading
• Design Real-Time Analytics
• Design Scalable Web Application
• Algorithms Overview
• Consensus Algorithms
• Quorum Consensus
• Consistent Hashing
• Gossip Protocol
• Bloom Filters
• B-Trees and Variants
• Log-Structured Merge Trees
• Skip Lists
• Merkle Trees
• Deadlock Detection and Avoidance
• Vector Clocks & Timestamps
• Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)
• Unique ID Generation
• Proximity Search
• Distributed Hash Tables
• Resource Allocation Algorithms
• Compression Algorithms for Systems
• API Gateway
• Service Discovery
• Distributed Transactions
• Distributed Locking
• Idempotency
• Back-of-the-Envelope Estimation
• Circuit Breaker Pattern
• CQRS Pattern
• Consistency Models
• Eventual Consistency
• DNS Deep Dive
• Saga Pattern
• Heartbeat Mechanism
• Checksums & Data Integrity
• Connection Pooling
• Database Connection Patterns
• SLI, SLO, SLA & Error Budgets
• Backpressure & Admission Control
• CDC, Outbox & Inbox Patterns
• Event Sourcing & Projection Rebuilds
• Data Modeling & Schema Evolution
• Multi-Tenancy & Noisy-Neighbor Isolation
• Secrets & Workload Identity
• OpenTelemetry, Sampling & Cardinality
• Distributed System Testing
• Multi-Region Data & Conflict Resolution
• Cost Engineering & Capacity Economics
• API Compatibility & Consumer Contracts
• Cloud Computing Models
• Cloud Infrastructure Management Tools
• Containerization Concepts
• Load Testing Techniques
• Performance Benchmarking Tools
• Container Orchestration Tools
• Virtualization Technologies
• Observability Concepts
• Performance Profiling Methods
• Debugging Tools for Distributed Systems
• API Testing Tools
• Build and Deployment Automation Tools
• Version Control for Large Projects