Python Operators ➕

Types of Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. Python divides the operators into the following groups:

➕ Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Name	Example
`+`	Addition	`x + y`
`-`	Subtraction	`x - y`
`*`	Multiplication	`x * y`
`/`	Division	`x / y`
`%`	Modulus	`x % y`
`**`	Exponentiation	`x ** y`
`//`	Floor division	`x // y`

🎯 Real-World Application: Modulus (%)

The modulus operator is used to find the remainder. It's super useful for checking if a number is even or odd!

python

number = 10
if number % 2 == 0:
    print("Even")
else:
    print("Odd")

🧠 Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

python

x = 5
print(x > 3 and x < 10) # True (Both conditions are true)
print(x > 3 or x < 4)   # True (At least one condition is true)
print(not(x > 3 and x < 10)) # False (Reverse the result)

🆔 Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

python

x = ["apple", "banana"]
y = ["apple", "banana"]
z = x

print(x is z)  # True (z is the same object as x)
print(x is y)  # False (x and y are different objects, even if they have the same content)
print(x == y)  # True (x and y are equal)

⚠️ Watch Out: "is" vs "=="

== checks if the values are equal.
is checks if they are the same object in memory.
Always use == for comparing values like strings or numbers.

🔍 Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:

python

x = ["apple", "banana"]

print("banana" in x)      # True
print("pineapple" not in x) # True

⚙️ Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:

Operator	Name	Description
`&`	AND	Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
`\|`	OR	Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
`^`	XOR	Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
`~`	NOT	Inverts all the bits
`<<`	Zero fill left shift	Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right
`>>`	Signed right shift	Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left

✨ Pro Tip: The Walrus Operator (:=)

Introduced in Python 3.8, the walrus operator allows you to assign values to variables as part of an expression.

python

# Without walrus operator
n = len(a)
if n > 10:
    print(f"List is too long ({n} elements)")

# With walrus operator
if (n := len(a)) > 10:
    print(f"List is too long ({n} elements)")